Effects of food restriction on growth, energy allocation, and sexual size dimorphism in Yarrow’s Spiny Lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii
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چکیده
Evolutionary biologists often view sexual size dimorphism (SSD) as a fixed genetic consequence of sexually antagonistic selection, but the actual magnitude of SSD may often be strongly dependent upon proximate environmental factors. Sexual differences in growth rate lead to male-biased SSD in wild populations of Yarrow’s Spiny Lizard (Sceloporus jarrovii Cope, 1875), yet both sexes grow at similar rates under controlled laboratory conditions. We hypothesized that male-biased SSD in S. jarrovii reflects an obligatory sexual difference in energy allocation to growth versus competing functions, but that an ad libitum diet provides an energy surplus which overwhelms this sex-specific energetic trade-off. To test this hypothesis, we reared juveniles under high (3 crickets/d) and low (1 cricket/d) food availabilities. Food restriction dramatically reduced growth in both sexes but did not differentially affect growth of females relative to males. Food consumption did not differ between sexes, but males grew slightly faster than females at both levels of food availability, indicating a greater fractional allocation of available energy to growth. By contrast, females had larger fat bodies than did males, particularly under food restriction. This sexual difference in energy allocation to storage could explain the slightly higher growth rate of males relative to females. Résumé : Les biologistes qui étudient l’évolution considèrent souvent le dimorphisme sexuel de la taille (SSD) comme une conséquence génétique fixe d’une sélection différente en fonction des sexes; cependant, l’importance réelle du SSD peut souvent être fortement dépendante des facteurs environnementaux proximaux. Des différences sexuelles du taux de croissance chez les populations sauvages du lézard épineux de Yarrow (Sceloporus jarrovii Cope, 1875) entraı̂nent un SSD qui favorise les mâles, bien que les individus des deux sexes croissent au même taux dans les conditions contrôlées de laboratoire. Nous formulons une hypothèse selon laquelle le SSD qui favorise les mâles chez S. jarrovii reflète une différence sexuelle obligatoire dans l’allocation des ressources à la croissance par rapport aux fonctions de compétition; par ailleurs, un régime alimentaire ad libitum crée un surplus d’énergie qui compense ce compromis énergétique spécifique au sexe. Afin de tester notre hypothèse, nous avons élevé des jeunes lézards dans des conditions de disponibilité de nourriture forte (3 grillons/j) ou faible (1 grillon/j). Une restriction de la nourriture réduit considérablement la croissance chez les deux sexes, mais n’affecte pas la croissance des femelles différemment de celle des mâles. La consommation de nourriture ne diffère pas entre les sexes, mais les mâles croissent un peu plus rapidement que les femelles aux deux niveaux de disponibilité de nourriture, ce qui indique l’allocation d’une fraction relativement plus importante de l’énergie disponible à la croissance. En revanche, les femelles possèdent des corps gras plus volumineux que ceux des mâles, particulièrement lorsqu’il y a restriction de nourriture. Cette différence sexuelle dans l’allocation de l’énergie aux réserves pourrait expliquer le taux de croissance légèrement plus élevé chez les mâles que chez les femelles. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
منابع مشابه
Environmental sensitivity of sexual size dimorphism: laboratory common garden removes effects of sex and castration on lizard growth
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تاریخ انتشار 2008